In the broad sense,
Mechanics is the study and analysis of the interaction
of forces and matter. It is a very broad topic and
includes many diverse things such as determining the
correct size of the bridge needed to span a river (statics),
to how the water flows around obstacles in the river
(fluid mechanics), to how many bends it will take to
break a paperclip in two (fracture mechanics), to how
the planets move through space (celestial mechanics).
The field of Mechanics can be studied
analytically (continuum mechanics) or numerically
(finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics) and experimentally.
Experimental Mechanics in the Advanced Materials
Laboratory is focused on performing and developing
experiments on adaptive and compliant materials to
develop mathematical relationships between forces and
the response of materials (called constitutive
relationships).
With technological advances, it becomes feasible to
perform more advanced experiments. Developing new
techniques, or using old techniques in new ways allow
insights into material behavior that was not possible
before.
One example, from the
AML, is the use of photogrammetry to measure the
deformation of compliant membranes. Photogrammetry is
the science of making three-dimensional measurements of
real-world objects from photographs of the object. This
technique was originally used in terrain mapping, where
airplanes would fly over a section of land (like a
battlefield during war) and through image analysis the
terrain topography could be deterimned. Using these
photogrammetric techniques is much more appealing with
the use of digital cameras and the fast processing
capabilities of today's computers. Therefore, the shape
of the membrane can be determined by just using a number
of pictures of the membrane. As the membrane shape
changes, new pictures can be used to find the current
shape of the membrane. By comparing the shape of the
membrane at different times, the deformation (how much
it stretched in what direction) of the membrane can be
determined.
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